or how my job works.
I realized that some people may not understand how the EMS system works in my area since it is a bit unusual and makes my job challenging (and fun).
I work for a private, non-profit hospital in a medium sized city of about 50,000 people. We have about 200 beds and 14 bassinets in the hospital with some or all of them available for use depending on nursing staffing. The EMS Department is a separate department in the hospital which provides paramedic coverage for the entire county and several sounding towns. All told we cover about 600 square miles with a population of about 1/4 million people. The bulk of our coverage area is considered rural or suburban with only a few places qualifying as urban areas.
The hospital maintains 3 emergency departments in the area. The first, and largest at the main hospital campus in the largest city in the county. The other two are satellite facilities, basically free standing emergency departments with some outpatient services in outlying towns. These satellites have no inpatient beds so any patients who cannot be treated and released have to be transported to the main hospital campus or another hospital for inpatient admission.
The EMS Department operates 1 paramedic intercept unit at each ED location 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Each unit is staffed by a single highly trained, well experienced paramedic who responds in a 4 wheel drive SUV to meet the local ambulance service on the scene of an accident or medical emergency. Aside from the city the main hospital is located in no other paramedic units operate in our service area. In the city the local commercial (for profit) ambulance company has some paramedic staffed ambulances and some basic level ambulances. We respond to any calls that meet specific criteria indicating the need or high likelihood of needing paramedic level care.
Our vehicles are configured so that we have radio contact with almost every possible service we could need to contact while responding to an emergency or operating on the scene. Each vehicle carries limited basic equipment in case we arrive on the scene of an accident or emergency first and extensive advanced equipment that is packaged expressly for portability that allows us to take all the equipment we might need with us into whatever ambulance we need to and still carry the minimum number of things.
The standard equipment that is brought with us on every run is a Medtronic Physio-Control Lifepak 12, a backpack type case by a company called Thomas Transport Packs that is specially designed for medical equipment and contains all of our IV solutions, medications, and airway management equipment. In addition to these 2 pieces we also carry a certain amount of narcotics that are kept in a locked container mounted in the vehicle. When we depart the vehicle to see a patient we access this locked box and take a small plastic container with us that contains our narcotics and controlled substances. This container must either be enclosed in the box and secured using 2 independent locks or carried on our person. In addition we also have a smaller pack that contains specialized pediatric equipment for the treatment of small children and newborns. Enough equipment is carried in each vehicle to treat 2 or 3 patients without returning to our base to restock supplies.
When one of our units is dispatched to an emergency the paramedic responds to the scene or meets the ambulance on the way to the hospital to provide advanced care. If the ambulance crew has the personnel or the paramedic unit has a volunteer paramedic assistant the vehicle follows the ambulance to the destination hospital. If the vehicle cannot follow for any reason it is abandon at the location where the paramedic met the ambulance and locked up to await the return of the paramedic from the destination hospital.
If we respond to the same scene as a paramedic staffed ambulance we have the option, provided that the paramedic on the ambulance and the hospital paramedic are comfortable and agreeable on a plan of treatment, to turn the patient over to the ambulance for continued treatment and transport. The idea is that 2 paramedics are not tied up unless the patient is unstable enough to need two paramedics attention.
If we respond and after assessing the patient feel that paramedic services are not warranted we also have the option of downgrading the patient to be transported with the basic ambulance without a paramedic. If an ambulance finds a situation where it is clear that they do not need the responding paramedic they have the option of canceling the responding paramedic freeing that unit up for the next run.
As paramedic units are committed to calls the remaining paramedic resources relocate themselves in our service area to provide better response times and coverage for the area where the paramedic is already occupied. These cover assignments are a necessary evil and while we do not enjoy sitting in our vehicles for long periods of time it is better than responding from extremely long distances and putting ourselves at greater risk.
In addition to these three primary units we also have a contract with one of the towns on the fringe of our coverage area to provide paramedic staff for their ambulance service. Here the ambulance service provides all the equipment, vehicles, supplies, and maintenance and the hospital provides the staffing only. Even though the hospital provides this paramedic to the town it is not able to be drawn into the overall system except in cases of disaster or major incidents. Thus it it not uncommon for the 3 primary units to be extremely busy while the contracted paramedic may do few, if any, runs.
Two odd things about our department are that we are somewhat self-managed and that we have clinical responsibilities inside the hospital while not responding to emergency calls. In a nutshell we provide clinical support to the ED staff. We establish IV's draw blood, perform 12 lead ECG's and generally act as part of the team.
By self managed I mean that each of us has certain administrative responsibilities that we perform that are not directly patient care related that keep our department functioning. Paramedic scheduling, tracking and arranging vehicle maintenance, ordering and stocking of supplies, ordering uniforms, maintenance of equipment and reference materials, the initial stages of our quality improvement program, management of the volunteer paramedic assistants, approval of bills to be paid before they are forwarded to accounts payable, and various types of training and education are all managed by a field paramedic with little, if any, action on the part of our department director. Myself, I am in charge of maintenance of the LifePak 12 units, pharmacy liaison, webmaster, and one of the primary instructors for advanced skills for the basic services. This means that many of us are very busy even when we have no emergencies to respond to.
In order to balance these responsibilities with our clinical duties in the hospital we have developed an "Order of Paramedic Needs". This say in effect all of our responsibilities can be broken down into 4 categories which are prioritized like this:
1. Responding to calls for emergency assistance
2. Assisting ED staff with critical patients in the ED
3. Tasks needed to keep our department running
4. Assisting the ED staff with non-critical patients in the ED
All in all we are kept very busy no matter what is going on. The system has worked well for the past 16 years and we have had an incredible ability to retain experienced paramedics, far better than any other service that I have heard of. When the department started in 1987 9 paramedics were originally hired. Of those nine, seven are still working in the department in some way. Our average experience level is higher than the state average, and unusual for paramedics, most of our staff have college degrees, many Associates Degrees, the majority Bachelors Degrees, a few have Masters Degrees with 4 of us having work completed towards Doctorates in various disciplines.
Currently we have a staff of 14 full time paramedics, 2 full time administrators, and 16 per diem paramedics who combined are able to cover 56 12 hour shifts per week plus many requests for additional coverage for special events, training functions, and public service events. Shifts are 12 hours long running from 7 to 7, a full time work week is 3 12 hour shifts.All our paramedics work either days or nights but do not switch between them in their normal schedule. The specific day of the week we work are laid out in a four week rotation which puts us on every other weekend, and every other major holiday. Since scheduling is done by one of us flexibility in scheduling is allowed and encouraged. Overtime is available to any paramedic who desires it to cover for vacations, sick calls, people out for training and education and the like.
The average paramedic in our department is in his or her mid 30's, married or divorced, many have at least one child and average between 8 and 12 years of field experience. Of all our staff we have very little turnover with full time employees who get promoted or take other jobs frequently staying with the department as per diem paramedics allowing us to retain their experience and knowledge.
All in all we are an unusual bunch with widely varied backgrounds and experiences. We all enjoy the challenge of being a limited resource in a large area and working as the only advanced provider. As a rule we need little supervision and receive little from our director doing what needs to be done to keep the department functioning and keeping him aware of what we did after it has been done. For my part, even though I have a Bachelors Degree in Engineering and could make a significant bigger salary in that industry, I will not be leaving until they take my badge away and tell me to stop showing up to work.